Noble gases in the NWA2737: a new chassignite signature

International audienceWe report noble gas data for the second chassignite, Northwest Africa (NWA) 2737, which was recently found in the Moroccan desert. The cosmic ray exposure (CRE) age based on cosmogenic 3He, 21Ne, and 38Ar around 10-11 Ma is comparable to the CRE ages of Chassigny and the nakhlites and indicates ejection of meteorites belonging to these two families during a discrete event, or a suite of discrete events having occurred in a restricted interval of time. In contrast, U-Th/He and K/Ar ages <0.5 Ga are in the range of radiometric ages of shergottites, despite a Sm-Nd signature comparable to that of Chassigny and the nakhlites (Misawa et al. 2005). Overall, the noble gas signature of NWA 2737 resembles that of shergottites rather than that of Chassigny and the nakhlites: NWA 2737 does not contain, in detectable amount, the solar-like xenon found in Chassigny and thought to characterize the Martian mantle nor apparently fission xenon from 244Pu, which is abundant in Chassigny and some of the nakhlites. In contrast, NWA 2737 contains Martian atmospheric noble gases trapped in amounts comparable to those found in shergottite impact glasses. The loss of Martian mantle noble gases, together with the trapping of Martian atmospheric gases, could have occurred during assimilation of Martian surface components, or more likely during shock metamorphism, which is recorded in the petrology of this meteorite

Posterior shoulder instability managed by arthroscopic acromial pediculated bone-block. Technique

In posterior shoulder instability (recurrent dislocation, involuntary posterior subluxation or voluntary subluxation that has become involuntary), surgery may be considered in case of failure of functional treatment if there are no psychological contraindications. Acromial bone-block with pediculated deltoid flap, as described by Kouvalchouk, is an alternative to iliac bone-block, enabling triple shoulder locking by the blocking effect, the retention hammock provided by the deltoid flap and posterior capsule repair. Arthroscopy allows shoulder joint exploration and diagnosis of associated lesions, with opening and conservation of the posterior capsule; it greatly facilitates bone-block positioning and capsule reinsertion. The present report describes the procedure in detail

Mini invasive axillary approach and arthroscopic humeral head interference screw !xation for latissimus dorsi transfer in massive and irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears.

Abstract: As the number of shoulder surgeries is increasing, the challenges of treating the massive and irreparable rotator cuff tears pose an operative challenge for the shoulder surgeons. The purpose of this study is to propose a new mini invasive axillary incision (5 cm) for harvesting latissimus dorsi (LD) tendon and arthroscopic-assisted interference screw fixation of the transfer on the humeral head for the treatment of massive and irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears. We describe our technique. The incision is minimized with the help of ultrasound Doppler-guided identification of the LD pedicle preoperatively. This study also makes clear how to maintain the tension on the pedicle of the LD uniform before and after the fixation of the transfer. During our experience of 17 cases from November 2007 to July 2009, we had good-to-excellent results in patient satisfaction. The clinical outcomes were not indifferent from the other methods of fixation. Key Words: latissimus dorsi transfer, massive irreparable posterosuperior cuff tear, iterative cuff tear, interferrence screw latissimus dorsi fixation, arthroscopic latissimus dorsi fixation, mini invasive axillary approach (Tech Should Surg 2010;11: 8--14) T he incidence of the challenges for massive and irreparable rotator cuff tears is on the raise in the patients attending shoulder specialty centers for surgery. Some of these patients have already been operated by open or arthroscopic technique even before the age of 50 years. Gerber et al 1 is the first to publish the latissimus dorsi (LD) tendon transfer for the treatment of these massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. The LD flap is well known and widely used in other specialties such as breast reconstructions and paralytic shoulder owing to birth palsy in pediatric orthopedics. 2 Gerber 3 and Gerber et al 4 discussed in detail regarding the indications and contraindications for the LD transfer. He concluded that when posterosuperior rotator cuff tears were associated with subscapularis tears, the LD transfer is contraindicated. Other authors 5-10 also confirmed bad results in case of subscapularis tears, deltoid anterior deficit, proximal migration of the humeral head, preoperative poor function of the shoulder, and as a salvage procedure. Whereas the patient selection plays an important role in success of this transfer, it remains a viable and effective option for younger patients with massive and irreparable rotator cuff tears. Moreover, constantly great tuberosity is fragile owing to earlier surgery or lack of mechanical stimulus chronically by the absence of rotator cuff musculature. The technical difficulties of fixation of the LD transfer on to osteoporotic bone need to be studied in detail. Gerber et al 1 fixed the transfer to the subscapularis with transosseous sutures. Warner and Parson 6 fixed the transfer on to the greater tuberosity by transosseous sutures. Habermeyer et al, We hypothesized that the reasons for failures of this transfer were not only owing to invasive and open surgery (new deltoid injury), but also owing to lack of adequate strong and stable fixation of the LD tendon on to the greater tuberosity. From the experience of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction of the knee and from the work of Boileau et al 14 in the tenodesis of long head of biceps into the humeral head, we describe a new mini invasive technique for harvesting the LD tendon, new technique of fixation by tubularization, and interference screw (IFS) fixation into a bone tunnel made in the humeral head. This fixation initially carried out by open procedure now switched to arthroscopically assisted procedure as our experience increased and it was more advantageous. This procedure is a viable alternative to the existing techniques in the hands of surgeon who is skilled in arthroscopic management of shoulder pathology. The specific biomechanical study conducted under the guidance of Jean Grimberg (personal communication) has concluded that the IFS fixation of the LD transfer on the humeral head is equal or slightly better than the multiple anchor fixation technique. Various studies OPERATIVE TECHNIQUE The patient is in lateral position with shoulder in 30 degrees abduction, slightly tilted toward the back, and a 3 kg traction. The operative position allows free wide access to the shoulder, entire scapula, and its apex as this transfer needs free movement of shoulder and arm. This position also allows easy shifting over from open axillary approach for LD tendon harvesting to shoulder arthroscopic fixation of the transfer. It is important at this point to mention that the LD muscle neurovascular pedicle enters from the medial and under surface of the muscle from about 10 cm from humeral insertion of the LD tendon and 2 cm from the lateral scapular border. The exac

Management of massive rotator cuff tears: prospective study in 218 patients

BACKGROUND: No consensus exists about the management of massive and symptomatic rotator cuff tears (RCTs). The objective of this study was to compare the 12-month clinical outcomes of various treatment options for massive RCTs. HYPOTHESIS: Arthroscopic surgery has a role to play in the treatment of massive and apparently irreparable RCTs. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective multicentre non-randomised study was performed in patients with massive RCTs managed non-operatively (NONOP) or by arthroscopic tenotomy/tenodesis of the long head of biceps (aTLB), arthroscopic partial tendon repair (aPTR), arthroscopic latissimus dorsi transfer (aLDT), or reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Clinical outcomes were evaluated based on the Constant score, Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV), and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score after 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: The 218 included patients (mean age, 69 years) were distributed as follows: NONOP, n=71; aTLB, n=26; aPTR, n=61; aLDT, n=25; and RSA, n=35. After 12 months, the mean Constant score, SSV, and ASES score values were 70, 68%, and 73, respectively, and had improved significantly versus the preoperative values in all treatment groups. RSA was the only treatment followed by improvements in all Constant score items. Active forwards elevation improved significantly in the NONOP (+25°), aPTR (+26°), and RSA (+66°) groups. An improvement in active external rotation was seen only in the RSA group, where it was small (+10°, p=0.046). Significant increases in internal rotation were seen in the NONOP (+1.6 points) and aPTR (+1.7 points) groups. CONCLUSION: Arthroscopic techniques (aTLB, aPTR, and aLDT) for managing massive irreparable RCTs produce significant functional gains. Partial tendon repair (aPTR) and RSA may provide better outcomes than isolated aTLB or aLDT

Le mouvement du rire chez Kant

The movement of laughter in Kant. We look at Kant's analysis of laughter in Metaphysic of Morals, in Anthopology from a Pragmatic Point of View and in particular in the first section of Critique of Judgement, which ends by examining the different functions of laughter. For Kant, laughter is primarily a beneficial principle, as it strengthens the link between body and soul ; for his definition of laughter replaces the usual idea of comic disparity by a temporally condensed sequence of expectation and disappointment which, by suddenly freeing tension, produces physical well-being. Thus for Kant, laughter possesses a therapeutic value. But laughter is also part of a more general reflection on aesthetic judgement. If laughter exposes us to the "absurdity", or the pure "nothingness" of senses, it corresponds to one of the dimensions of the creative potential of genius, for genius implies both the tendency to absurdity and its correction. Finally, laughter is close to music for the two combine in the expulsion of the hermeneutic process towards a finite void.Menninghaus Winfried, Grimberg Michel, Mondot Jean. Le mouvement du rire chez Kant. In: Dix-huitième Siècle, n°32, 2000. Le rire, sous la direction de Lise Andries . pp. 265-277

Noble gases in the Martian meteorite Northwest Africa 2737: A new chassignite signature

We report noble gas data for the second chassignite, Northwest Africa (NWA) 2737, which was recently found in the Moroccan desert. The cosmic ray exposure (CRE) age based on cosmogenic 3He, 21Ne, and 38Ar around 10-11 Ma is comparable to the CRE ages of Chassigny and the nakhlites and indicates ejection of meteorites belonging to these two families during a discrete event, or a suite of discrete events having occurred in a restricted interval of time. In contrast, U-Th/He and K/Ar ages <0.5 Ga are in the range of radiometric ages of shergottites, despite a Sm-Nd signature comparable tothat of Chassigny and the nakhlites (Misawa et al. 2005). Overall, the noble gas signature of NWA2737 resembles that of shergottites rather than that of Chassigny and the nakhlites: NWA 2737 doesnot contain, in detectable amount, the solar-like xenon found in Chassigny and thought to characterizethe Martian mantle nor apparently fission xenon from 244Pu, which is abundant in Chassigny andsome of the nakhlites. In contrast, NWA 2737 contains Martian atmospheric noble gases trapped inamounts comparable to those found in shergottite impact glasses. The loss of Martian mantle noblegases, together with the trapping of Martian atmospheric gases, could have occurred duringassimilation of Martian surface components, or more likely during shock metamorphism, which isrecorded in the petrology of this meteorite.The Meteoritics & Planetary Science archives are made available by the Meteoritical Society and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform February 202

Factors associated With burnout among French digestive surgeons in training: results of a national survey on 328 residents and fellows

International audienc

Charles Collé (1709-1783)

Né en 1709 et mort en 1783, Charles Collé est au cœur de la production littéraire et critique du xviiie siècle. Chansonnier, membre du Caveau, homme de théâtre et auteur d'un Journal rédigé de 1748 à 1772 qui est une mine d'informations, il se met à écrire des pièces de circonstance pour la famille de son protecteur M. de Meulan, avant de devenir le fournisseur attitré des divertissements du duc d'Orléans (à Paris, Bagnolet et Villers-Cotterêts) et, à un moindre titre, de ceux du comte de Clermont (à Berny). Son statut d'auteur de société ne l'empêche pas de viser une reconnaissance littéraire : l'amuseur renommé pour ses chansons et sa veine amphigourique, le faiseur de parades et de tragédies burlesques est aussi l'auteur de La Veuve ou Dupuis et Desrosnais, des comédies proches du genre sérieux, et de La Partie de chasse de Henri IV, jouée en société puis en province avant d'être tardivement autorisée à la Comédie-Française. Cet ouvrage collectif explore pour la première fois l'ensemble de l'œuvre de Collé imprimée et manuscrite (chansons, pièces de théâtre de tout genre, journal et correspondance), ce qui permet de réévaluer sa place dans la République des Lettres, ses relations avec ses contemporains chansonniers, dramaturges, auteurs appointés ou indépendants, commanditaires ou acteurs, et d'expliciter un certain nombre de ses jugements esthétiques. Comme témoin de la vie littéraire de son époque, comme dramaturge de société qui réfléchit à sa condition d'homme de lettres et comme spécialiste des formes comiques et des petits genres, Collé est un auteur à redécouvrir